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	Outcome and Prognosis of Pediatric Patients With Delayed Diagnosis of Open-Globe Injuries
	Author(s)/Faculty: Olga M. Acuna, MD; Kimberly G. Yen, MD more Olga M. Acuna, MD; Kimberly G. Yen, MD
	Source: JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY AND STRABISMUS 46:4	Type: Journal	Number of Articles: 1
	Release Date: July 2009	Expiration Date: July 1, 2010	Cost: $0.00 / $20.00
	Credit Type: CME	Number of Credit(s): 1.00	Provider:
	OVERVIEW PURPOSE Open-globe injuries in children can present in a delayed fashion, potentially increasing the risk of endophthalmitis and delaying surgical intervention. This article presents the outcome of pediatric patients with delayed diagnosis of open-globe injuries for 24 hours or more. METHODS The study was a retrospective observational case series of patients who presented with open-globe injuries diagnosed 24 hours or more after the injury between July 2002 and March 2007. RESULTS Thirteen patients were included in the study. The average age at presentation was 5.8 ± 2.8 years; average follow-up was 11.5 ± 14.5 months. Mean time of presentation after injury was 9.2 ± 16.0 days. The most common chief complaints were chronic red eye (7 of 13 patients), eye pain (5 of 13 patients), and decreased vision (4 of 13 patients). All patients had self-sealing corneal wounds; 8 of 13 patients had a visually significant traumatic cataract. One patient had sympathetic ophthalmia. Initial visual acuity was 20/200 or worse in 10 patients, and final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 6 patients. No patient had endophthalmitis. CONCLUSION Open-globe injuries, especially self-sealing corneal wounds, can present in a delayed fashion in children or may be missed if obvious findings, such as subconjunctival hemorrhage or prolapsed iris tissue, are not present. Pediatricians should be educated that they should maintain a high level of suspicion in the setting of chronic unilateral red eye, decreased visual acuity, or abnormal red reflex.


	Advanced Therapeutic Management of Ocular Surface Disease
	Author(s)/Faculty: Richard L. Lindstrom, MD; Eric D. Donnenfeld, MD; Edward J. Holland, MD; John D. more Sheppard, MD, MMSc
	Source: OCULAR SURGERY NEWS U.S. EDITION	Type: Monograph	Number of Articles: 5
	Release Date: June 2009	Expiration Date: June 25, 2010	Cost: $0.00 / $0.00
	Credit Type: CME	Number of Credit(s): 1.00	Provider:
	OVERVIEW Ocular surface disease encompasses ocular allergy, blepharitis, and dry eye. As many as 30% of patients encountered by ophthalmologists have one of these conditions, yet an incorrect diagnosis is made approximately 50% of the time. This monograph will review the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of each of these conditions. Therapeutic options for all aspects of ocular surface disease will be discussed, as well as clinical trials examining the efficacy and safety of these treatments. Lastly, advice on the appropriate management of the ocular surface in the surgical setting will be given.


	Ocular Pathogen Resistance: Emerging Clinical Data
	Author(s)/Faculty: Marguerite B. McDonald, MD, FACS; Richard L. Abbott, MD; Gary N. Foulks, MD, FACS; more Charles B. Slonim, MD, FACS
	Source: OCULAR SURGERY NEWS U.S. EDITION	Type: Monograph	Number of Articles: 5
	Release Date: June 2009	Expiration Date: June 10, 2010	Cost: $0.00 / $0.00
	Credit Type: CME	Number of Credit(s): 1.00	Provider:
	OVERVIEW The resistance of ocular pathogens to antibiotics continues to evolve and increase. Notably, resistance to newer generation fluoroquinolones has been shown to develop. This was surprising since they target 2 enzymes, as opposed to the older generation fluoroquinolones, which only have one target. This monograph will review the mechanisms by which bacteria may develop resistance, as well as the resistance patterns of various organisms to various antibiotics. Advice will be given on the proper usage of antibiotics, which can decrease the probability of the development of resistance. New agents on the horizon and clinical trials demonstrating their efficacy and safety will be discussed.


	The Spontaneous Resolution of Primary Congenital Glaucoma
	Author(s)/Faculty: Karina Nagao, MD; Léon-Paul Noël, MD, FRCS; Marie-Éve Noël, BSC; David S. Walton, MD more Karina Nagao, MD; Léon-Paul Noël, MD, FRCS; Marie-Éve Noël, BSC; David S. Walton, MD
	Source: JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY AND STRABISMUS 46:3	Type: Journal	Number of Articles: 1
	Release Date: May 2009	Expiration Date: May 1, 2010	Cost: $0.00 / $20.00
	Credit Type: CME	Number of Credit(s): 1.00	Provider:
	OVERVIEW PURPOSE To describe the ocular findings in a series of children with spontaneous resolution of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). METHODS The medical records of 356 patients with PCG were reviewed. Nine patients with spontaneous resolution of PCG were studied. Fourteen of 18 eyes possessed evidence of early glaucoma, were found to have normal intraocular pressures, and were clinically classified as having spontaneous resolution of PCG. None of the eyes with spontaneous resolution received surgery or any glaucoma medication. RESULTS Spontaneous resolution of PCG in all nine patients was recognized after 4 months of age. At the time of diagnosis, large corneas were observed in all affected eyes and Haab’s striae in 10 of 14 eyes. Intraocular pressures were normal in 14 eyes. In all 14 eyes, the anterior chambers were deep, the lenses were clear, and the angles were abnormal with the typical appearance of PCG. The eyes with spontaneous resolution of PCG possessed angle abnormalities that were less severe compared to three fellow eyes that required glaucoma treatments. CONCLUSION The occurrence of spontaneous resolution of PCG in these patients is supported by objective clinical evidence. The explanation for this spontaneous resolution is unknown. Its mechanism could be related to continued postnatal development of the angle structures in eyes possessing milder angle abnormalities. The anterior segment findings in patients with spontaneous resolution of PCG are similar to those of patients with treated PCG, the intraocular pressures are normal, the optic nerve damage is stable, and the filtration angles possess mild or moderate abnormalities.


	Improving Treatments with Aspheric Optics in IOL and Laser-Based Vision Correction
	Author(s)/Faculty: Stephen S. Lane, MD; Karl G. Stonecipher, MD; Daniel S. Durrie, MD; Kerry D. Solomon, MD more Stephen S. Lane, MD; Karl G. Stonecipher, MD; Daniel S. Durrie, MD; Kerry D. Solomon, MD
	Source: OCULAR SURGERY NEWS U.S. EDITION	Type: Monograph	Number of Articles: 5
	Release Date: April 2009	Expiration Date: April 10, 2010	Cost: $0.00 / $0.00
	Credit Type: CME	Number of Credit(s): 1.25	Provider:
	OVERVIEW Premium IOL surgery and laser-based surgery are needed to correct visual deficits such as cataracts, higher-order aberrations, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Ophthalmologists must increase their knowledge of the benefits of aspheric IOLs in order to identify proper candidates for this type of surgery and counsel them preoperatively. In this monograph, an expert faculty will review aspheric optics and premium IOL surgery, highlight current techniques and technology, discuss challenging cases, and provide clinical pearls for improved management of patients with visual deficits.


	Levodopa/Carbidopa in the Treatment of Amblyopia
	Author(s)/Faculty: Subhash Dadeya, MD, MNAMS, FIMSA; Pankaj Vats, MS, DNB; K. P. S. Malik, DOMS, MS more Subhash Dadeya, MD, MNAMS, FIMSA; Pankaj Vats, MS, DNB; K. P. S. Malik, DOMS, MS
	Source: JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY AND STRABISMUS 46:2	Type: Journal	Number of Articles: 1
	Release Date: March 2009	Expiration Date: March 1, 2010	Cost: $0.00 / $20.00
	Credit Type: CME	Number of Credit(s): 1.00	Provider:
	OVERVIEW PURPOSE To evaluate the role of levodopa/carbidopa in the treatment of amblyopia. METHODS Thirty patients with strabismic amblyopia between the ages of 3 and 12 years were part of this double-blind, randomized study. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A received 0.50 mg + 1.25 mg of levodopa/carbidopa per kilogram body weight three times daily after meals, with a protein rich drink, whereas Group B received placebo. Both groups received full-time conventional occlusion until a visual acuity of 6/6 was achieved or for a maximum of 3 months. RESULTS The authors observed more than two lines improvement in visual acuity that was greater in the levodopa group (15 of 15) than in the placebo group (9 of 15) (P < .005). Furthermore, improvement in visual acuity of more than two lines was greater in patients younger than 8 years (100%) than in patients older than 8 years of age (60%) (P = .0026). There was also no significant reversal of the improved visual acuity in up to 6 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION Levodopa/carbidopa improves visual acuity in patients with amblyopia and maintains improved visual acuity, especially in patients younger than 8 years.


	Lid Margin Disease: Impact on Patient Health and Surgical Results
	Author(s)/Faculty: Richard L. Lindstrom, MD; Marguerite B. McDonald, MD, FACS; Jodi I. Luchs, MD, FACS more Richard L. Lindstrom, MD; Marguerite B. McDonald, MD, FACS; Jodi I. Luchs, MD, FACS
	Source: OCULAR SURGERY NEWS U.S. EDITION	Type: Monograph	Number of Articles: 5
	Release Date: February 2009	Expiration Date: February 25, 2010	Cost: $0.00 / $0.00
	Credit Type: CME	Number of Credit(s): 1.00	Provider:
	OVERVIEW Refractive surgery may exacerbate eyelid margin disease and blepharitis resulting in adverse events and patient dissatisfaction. This monograph will highlight current clinical data and guidelines for appropriate diagnosis, treatment, management, and prophylaxis to help reduce symptoms of lid margin disease and prevent permanent structural damage or visual loss. An expert faculty will review the current understanding of the disease, discuss available and forthcoming treatment options, and discuss the importance of prophylaxis in the surgical setting.

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